{"id":2344,"date":"2025-06-17T15:08:31","date_gmt":"2025-06-17T15:08:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cheapsslsecurity.com\/p\/?p=2344"},"modified":"2025-06-17T15:19:31","modified_gmt":"2025-06-17T15:19:31","slug":"a-quick-guide-to-certificate-file-types-formats","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/cheapsslsecurity.com\/p\/a-quick-guide-to-certificate-file-types-formats\/","title":{"rendered":"A Quick Guide to Certificate File Types &#038; Formats"},"content":{"rendered":"<h2>SSL certificates issued by the certification authorities are regularly provided in the PEM format.<\/h2>\n<p>However, depending on the server\/platform on which the SSL certificate is supposed to be installed, you might need a certificate in a different format.<\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cheapsslsecurity.com\/p\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/different-crt-formats.png\" alt=\"Different Certificate formats\" width=\"975\" height=\"439\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2346 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/cheapsslsecurity.com\/p\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/different-crt-formats.png 975w, https:\/\/cheapsslsecurity.com\/p\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/different-crt-formats-300x135.png 300w, https:\/\/cheapsslsecurity.com\/p\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/different-crt-formats-768x346.png 768w, https:\/\/cheapsslsecurity.com\/p\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/different-crt-formats-500x225.png 500w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 975px) 100vw, 975px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 975px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 975\/439;\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Below, you can find an overview of the certificate file formats:<\/p>\n<h2 class=\"h2-before-h3\">4 Common Certificate File Types<\/h2>\n<h3>PEM (Privacy-Enhanced Email)<\/h3>\n<p>PEM certificates usually use one of these extensions: <strong>.pem, .crt, .cer, or .key<\/strong>. They are Base64 encrypted and can be opened with any text redactor, where you will see the &#8211;BEGIN CERTIFICATE&#8211; and &#8211;END CERTIFICATE&#8211; strings.<br \/>\nApache and other similar servers use this certificate format. You can include several PEM certificates and even a private key in one file, but most servers, such as Apache, expect the certificate and private key to be in separate files.<\/p>\n<h3>DER (Distinguished Encoding Rules)<\/h3>\n<p>Extensions: <strong>.der, .cer <\/strong><br \/>\nDER is a binary format for certificates and private keys. Unlike PEM, DER-encoded files do not contain text statements such as &#8212;&#8211;BEGIN CERTIFICATE&#8212;&#8211;. DER files are commonly used in Windows and Java.<\/p>\n<h3>PKCS#7 (Public Key Cryptography Standards)<\/h3>\n<p>Certificates that use this format are Base64 encoded and have the extensions <strong>.p7b or .p7c.<\/strong><br \/>\nUsed for certificate chains without the Private key. PKCS#7 format files are usually provided for S\/MIME (email) certificates. This format contains only the certificate and chain files but not the private key. Several platforms support this format, including Microsoft Windows and Java Tomcat.<\/p>\n<h3>PFX\/PKCS#12 (Public Cryptography Standard with enhanced security)<\/h3>\n<p>Extensions <strong>.pfx, .p12 <\/strong><br \/>\nThis format stores the certificate and private key<br \/>\nTypically, this format is used on Windows to export\/import the certificate and private key into one file. <\/p>\n<h2>SSL Certificate File Type Conversion<\/h2>\n<p><img decoding=\"async\" data-src=\"https:\/\/cheapsslsecurity.com\/p\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/pem-to-pfx.png\" alt=\"PEM to PFX format\" width=\"975\" height=\"406\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-2350 lazyload\" data-srcset=\"https:\/\/cheapsslsecurity.com\/p\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/pem-to-pfx.png 975w, https:\/\/cheapsslsecurity.com\/p\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/pem-to-pfx-300x125.png 300w, https:\/\/cheapsslsecurity.com\/p\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/pem-to-pfx-768x320.png 768w, https:\/\/cheapsslsecurity.com\/p\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/pem-to-pfx-500x208.png 500w\" data-sizes=\"(max-width: 975px) 100vw, 975px\" src=\"data:image\/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB3aWR0aD0iMSIgaGVpZ2h0PSIxIiB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciPjwvc3ZnPg==\" style=\"--smush-placeholder-width: 975px; --smush-placeholder-aspect-ratio: 975\/406;\" \/> <\/p>\n<p>What is the solution once you realize you need your certificate in a different format?<br \/>\nNo worries since certificates can be converted from one format to another. Customers regularly refer to online tools or <strong>OpenSSL (Open Source SSL Library)<\/strong> for conversion.<\/p>\n<h2>Converting Certificate File Formats with Online Tools<\/h2>\n<p>You will find multiple tools that have made SSL conversion easy on the Internet. To complete the process, you must add the certificate files in the appropriate fields, making the conversion smooth and easy.<\/p>\n<p>However, it is highly recommended not to use online tools when converting your certificate to or from a .pfx file as it\u2019s <strong>not 100% secure to upload<\/strong> your private key to an online tool. The safest solution would be performing the conversion on your machine using OpenSSL.<\/p>\n<h2>Converting Certificate File Formats with OpenSSL<\/h2>\n<p>Below are the commands usually used in the OpenSSL for the certificate&#8217;s file conversion.<\/p>\n<p><strong>PEM to DER<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"code-with-bg\">\n<div>openssl x509 -outform der -in certificate.pem -out certificate.der<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>DER to PEM<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"code-with-bg\">\n<div>openssl x509 -inform der -in certificate.cer -out certificate.pem<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>PEM to P7B<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"code-with-bg\">\n<div>openssl crl2pkcs7 -nocrl -certfile certificate.cer -out certificate.p7b -certfile CACert.cer<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>P7B to PEM<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"code-with-bg\">\n<div>openssl pkcs7 -print_certs -in certificate.p7b -out certificate.cer<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>PEM to PFX<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"code-with-bg\">\n<div>openssl pkcs12 -export -out certificate.pfx -inkey privateKey.key -in certificate.crt -certfile CACert.crt<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>PFX to PEM<\/strong><\/p>\n<div class=\"code-with-bg\">\n<div>openssl pkcs12 -in certificate.pfx -out certificate.cer -nodes<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><strong>P7B to PFX<\/strong><br \/>\nPerformed in 2 steps:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>P7B to CER<\/strong>\n<div class=\"code-with-bg\">\n<div>openssl pkcs7 -print_certs -in certificate.p7b -out certificate.cer<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>CER with Private Key to PFX<\/strong>\n<div class=\"code-with-bg\">\n<div>openssl pkcs12 -export -in certificatename.cer -inkey privateKey.key -out certificatename.pfx -certfile cacert.cer<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3>To summarize the above<\/h3>\n<p>Don&#8217;t worry if your initial certificate file format doesn&#8217;t meet your needs. You can get the needed one in just a few steps, so your certificate&#8217;s installation runs smoothly, and your website is secured.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>SSL certificates issued by the certification authorities are regularly provided in the PEM format. However, depending on the server\/platform on which the SSL certificate is supposed to be installed, you might need a certificate in a different format.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":17,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[21,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2344","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ssl-advanced","category-ssl-basics"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>A Quick Guide to Certificate File Types &amp; Formats - Cheap SSL Security<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"SSL certificates issued by certification authorities are most commonly provided in PEM format. However, it\u2019s essential to recognize that some servers and platforms may require these certificates in alternative formats for optimal compatibility and security.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/cheapsslsecurity.com\/p\/a-quick-guide-to-certificate-file-types-formats\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"A Quick Guide to Certificate File Types &amp; Formats - Cheap SSL Security\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"SSL certificates issued by certification authorities are most commonly provided in PEM format. 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